Basics of Soil Biology

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Free

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Module Overview

Soil is essentially a combination of weathered geology, water, air and organic matter that contains a range of plant nutrients in mineral and organic form. Understanding the biology of soil is critical for both agriculture and environmental management. Soil biological testing provides insight into the abundance, diversity, and activity of these organisms, helping identify nutrient limitations, microbial imbalances, and potential pathogen risks. By studying microbial interactions and the roles of different organism groups, we can better manage soils to enhance fertility, suppress disease, and maintain long-term ecosystem health. This module explores the biology of soil, from microbes to macrofauna, and examines how these organisms cycle nutrients, break down organic matter, and contribute to soil fertility. We discuss common microbiological soil tests in the industry and what these indicate about soil function. Additionally, we discuss common biological issues encountered, as well as practical guidance for identifying, preventing, and managing biological challenges to optimise soil health.