Basics of Soil Physics

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Module Overview

The physical properties of soil, including mineral and organic components, water, and gas, play a fundamental role in soil health, plant growth, and overall ecosystem function. Solids determine soil texture, structure, porosity, and bulk density, which in turn influence how water and gases move through and are retained within the soil. Together, these interactions affect critical processes such as root respiration, nutrient availability, microbial activity, and soil stability. This module explores the physical properties of soil, covering soil solids, water, and gas, and their key roles in soil function and suitability. Topics include particle size distribution, soil texture and structure, aggregation, bulk density, porosity, water retention, and gas exchange. The module also addresses how soil compaction, waterlogging, and other structural changes impact these processes and how preventive and rehabilitative measures can improve soil physical properties for better management.